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很多场景都需要记录日志，在单片机这种存储资源有限的环境下，就需要一种轻量级的存储方法。
系统日志在嵌入式设备应用场景中，系统日志时常可以监控设备软件的运行状态，及时记录问题点以及关键信息，方便开发人员后期定位以及解决问题。
本文将讲述一种简易的系统日志记录方法，用于保存设备的系统日志，视具体嵌入式设备情况而定，可存储在MCU内部Flash、外部Flash、EEPROM等，本文采用外部Flash作为示例展开介绍。
思路分析对于系统日志可以当成文件系统，可以划分为三个重要部分：目录区、参数区、日志区。目录区：根据日期进行归类，记录当天的日志的存储地址、日志索引、日志大小，通过目录可以获取整个日志文件的概况；参数区：存储记录日志写位置、目录项个数、写状态等参数；日志区：这是我们主要的存储区，记录系统的日志，支持环写。这三个区域都需要占用部分内存，可以自行分配大小。
实现的效果如下图所示，设置通过指令可查询到整个日志目录区的概况。查询系统日志目录：AT+CATALOG?LOG_ID:存储日志按日期分类，该ID用于查询对应日期日志,从1开始计数；LOG_DATE:系统日志存储日期；LOG_ADDR:系统日志存储外部FLASH地址；LOG_OFFSET:系统日志存储偏移量（各日期日志大小，单位：字节）。
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查询指定日期系统日志：AT+CATALOG=LOG_ID:在查询系统日志目录时获取，当LOG_ID为0时，为查询整个系统日志。
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另外提供移除系统日志（清除日志目录）指令：AT+RMLOG，后面将讲述具体实现。
FLASH内存划分FLASH内存需要看具体设备进行合理划分，目录区、参数区与日志区实现环形存储，延长擦写寿命。#define FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE ((uint32_t)0x001000)#define FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE ((uint32_t)0x008000)#define FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE ((uint32_t)0x010000)#define SECTOR_MASK (FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) /*扇区掩码 ------*/#define SECTOR_BASE(addr) (addr & (~SECTOR_MASK)) /*扇区的基地址 --*/#define SECTOR_OFFSET(addr) (addr & SECTOR_MASK) /*扇区内的偏移 --*/
#define BLOCK_32K_BASE(addr) (addr & (~(FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE)))#define BLOCK_64K_BASE(addr) (addr & (~(FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE)))
typedef enum { FLASH_BLOCK_4K = 0, /** FLASH_BLOCK_32K = 1, /** FLASH_BLOCK_64K = 2 /**}flash_block_t;
/* flash 空间索引 */typedef enum{ FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE = 0, FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, FLASH_ZONEX,}flash_zone_e;
typedef struct{ flash_zone_e zone; uint32_t start_address; uint32_t end_address;}flash_table_t;
/* 地址划分 */static const flash_table_t flash_table[] = { { .zone = FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, .start_address = 0x03200000, .end_address = 0x032FFFFF}, { .zone = FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, .start_address = 0x03300000, .end_address = 0x033FFFFF}, { .zone = FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, .start_address = 0x03400000, .end_address = 0x03FFFFFF}, };
Flash底层实现擦除、读写操作接口，由读者自行实现。flash_table_t *get_flash_table(flash_zone_e zone){ int i = 0; for (i = 0; i if (zone == flash_table.zone) return (flash_table_t *)&flash_table; }
return NULL; }
int flash_erase(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, flash_block_t block_type){ flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
if (flash_table_tmp == NULL) return -1;
if (address start_address ||address > flash_table_tmp->end_address) return -1;
return bsp_spi_flash_erase(address, block_type);}
int flash_write(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, const uint8_t*data, uint32_t length){ flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
if (flash_table_tmp == NULL) return -1;
if ((address start_address) ||((address + length) > flash_table_tmp->end_address)) return -1;
return bsp_spi_flash_buffer_write(address, (uint8_t *)data, length);}
int flash_read(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, uint8_t*buffer, uint32_t length){ flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
if (flash_table_tmp == NULL) return -1;
if ((address start_address) ||((address + length) > flash_table_tmp->end_address)) return -1;
bsp_spi_flash_buffer_read(buffer, address, length); return 0;}
参数与结构体定义日志数据存储时间戳，便于问题定位，需要实现RTC接口调用。typedef struct { uint16_t Year; /* 年份:YYYY */ uint8_t Month; /* 月份:MM */ uint8_t Day; /* 日:DD */ uint8_t Hour; /* 小时:HH */ uint8_t Minute; /* 分钟:MM */ uint8_t Second; /* 秒:SS */}time_t;
int bsp_rtc_get_time(time_t *date);
参数区应当保证数据的正确性，应加入参数校验存储，定义校验结构体。#define SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM 0x87654321 /* 日志参数标识符 */typedef struct { uint32_t magic; /* 参数标识符 */ uint16_t crc; /* 校验值 */ uint16_t len; /* 参数长度 */} single_sav_t;
参数区需记录当前日志记录的写位置，以及目录项个数，还有日志区和目录区环写状态，并且存储最新时间等等。/* 日志区参数 */typedef struct { uint32_t write_pos; /* 写位置 */ uint32_t catalog_num; /* 目录项个数 */ uint8_t log_cyclic_status; /* 系统日志环形写状态 */ uint8_t catalog_cyclic_status; /* 日志目录环形写状态 */ time_t log_latest_time; /* 存储最新时间 */}system_log_t;
/* 目录区参数 */typedef struct { uint32_t log_id; /* 日志索引 */ uint32_t log_addr; /* 日志地址 */ uint32_t log_offset; /* 日志偏移大小，单位：字节 */ time_t log_time; /* 日志存储时间 */}system_catalog_t;
/* 系统日志参数 */typedef struct { single_sav_t crc_val; system_log_t system_log; system_catalog_t system_catalog;}sys_log_param_t;
typedef struct { uint8_t system_log_print_enable; /* 系统日志打印使能 */ uint16_t system_log_print_id; /* 打印指定id系统日志 */ uint32_t system_log_param_addr; /* 当前日志写地址 */} sys_ram_t;
sys_ram_t SysRam;sys_log_param_t SysLogParam;
sys_ram_t *gp_sys_ram = &SysRam;sys_log_param_t *gp_sys_log = &SysLogParam;
实现接口说明CRC校验接口，可以自定义实现。/* 16位CRC校验高位表 */static const uint8_t auchCRCHi[]={0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,
0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40};
/* 16位CRC校验低位表 */static const uint8_t auchCRCLo[]={0x00,0xc0,0xc1,0x01,0xc3,0x03,0x02,0xc2,0xc6,0x06,0x07,0xc7,0x05,0xc5,0xc4,0x04,0xcc,0x0c,0x0d,0xcd,0x0f,0xcf,0xce,0x0e,0x0a,0xca,0xcb,0x0b,0xc9,0x09,0x08,0xc8,0xd8,0x18,0x19,0xd9,0x1b,0xdb,0xda,0x1a,0x1e,0xde,0xdf,0x1f,0xdd,0x1d,0x1c,0xdc,0x14,0xd4,0xd5,0x15,0xd7,0x17,0x16,0xd6,0xd2,0x12,0x13,0xd3,0x11,0xd1,0xd0,0x10,0xf0,0x30,0x31,0xf1,0x33,0xf3,0xf2,0x32,0x36,0xf6,0xf7,0x37,0xf5,0x35,0x34,0xf4,0x3c,0xfc,0xfd,0x3d,0xff,0x3f,0x3e,0xfe,0xfa,0x3a,0x3b,0xfb,0x39,0xf9,0xf8,0x38,0x28,0xe8,0xe9,0x29,0xeb,0x2b,0x2a,0xea,0xee,0x2e,0x2f,0xef,0x2d,0xed,0xec,0x2c,0xe4,0x24,0x25,0xe5,0x27,0xe7,0xe6,0x26,0x22,0xe2,0xe3,0x23,0xe1,0x21,0x20,0xe0,
0xa0,0x60,0x61,0xa1,0x63,0xa3,0xa2,0x62,0x66,0xa6,0xa7,0x67,0xa5,0x65,0x64,0xa4,0x6c,0xac,0xad,0x6d,0xaf,0x6f,0x6e,0xae,0xaa,0x6a,0x6b,0xab,0x69,0xa9,0xa8,0x68,0x78,0xb8,0xb9,0x79,0xbb,0x7b,0x7a,0xba,0xbe,0x7e,0x7f,0xbf,0x7d,0xbd,0xbc,0x7c,0xb4,0x74,0x75,0xb5,0x77,0xb7,0xb6,0x76,0x72,0xb2,0xb3,0x73,0xb1,0x71,0x70,0xb0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92,0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9c,0x5c,0x5d,0x9d,0x5f,0x9f,0x9e,0x5e,0x5a,0x9a,0x9b,0x5b,0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4b,0x8b,0x8a,0x4a,0x4e,0x8e,0x8f,0x4f,0x8d,0x4d,0x4c,0x8c,0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42,0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40};
/* 实现crc功能函数 */static uint16_t CRC16(uint8_t* puchMsg, uint16_t usDataLen){ uint8_t uchCRCHi=0xff; uint8_t uchCRCLo=0xff; uint16_t uIndex;
while(usDataLen--) { uIndex=uchCRCHi^*(puchMsg++); uchCRCHi=uchCRCLo^auchCRCHi[uIndex]; uchCRCLo=auchCRCLo[uIndex]; }
return uchCRCHi}
保存系统日志参数，每实现写日志操作后都需要保存当前的参数值，防止意外丢失。void save_system_log_param(void){ uint32_t i = 0; uint32_t addr = 0; uint32_t remainbyte = 0; uint32_t start_addr; int len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t); uint8_t *pdata = (uint8_t *)&SysLogParam; flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE);
/* 校验参数 */ gp_sys_log->crc_val.magic = SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM; gp_sys_log->crc_val.len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t) - sizeof(single_sav_t); gp_sys_log->crc_val.crc = CRC16(&pdata[sizeof(single_sav_t)], gp_sys_log->crc_val.len);
start_addr = gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr; /* 剩余内存不够写，则重新从起始地址开始写，实现环形存储功能 */ if ((start_addr + len) > flash_tmp->end_address) { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; } gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = start_addr + len; /* 首地址存储，擦除整个系统日志参数存储区，如果划分的内存较大，可能出现第一次擦写等待时间较长， 但实际应用嵌入式设备应该不会占用太多的内存存储系统日志，只当为辅助使用，有额外应用可自行实现 */ if (flash_tmp->start_address == start_addr) { /*for (i = flash_tmp->start_address; i end_address; i+= FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); */ addr = flash_tmp->start_address; do { if ((addr + FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE) end_address) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, BLOCK_64K_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_64K); addr += FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE; } else if ((addr + FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE) end_address) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, BLOCK_32K_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_32K); addr += FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE; } else if ((addr + FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) end_address) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); addr += FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE; } else { break; } } while (addr end_address); }
remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); if (remainbyte > len) { remainbyte = len; } while (1) { flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, start_addr, pdata, remainbyte); if (remainbyte == len) { break; } else { pdata += remainbyte; start_addr += remainbyte; len -= remainbyte; remainbyte = (len > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : len; } }}
导入系统日志默认参数接口，初始化默认参数或者移除日志。void load_system_log_default_param(void){ /* 系统日志默认参数 */ /* 目录环写状态标志 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status = 0x00; /* 目录项个数 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = 0; /* 日志环写标志 , 1:环写状态 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status = 0; /* 设置默认值，实际会重新从RTC获取最新时间 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Year = 2019; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Month = 5; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Day = 8; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Hour = 13; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Minute = 14; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Second = 10; /* 日志写位置从0开始 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos = 0;
gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_addr = 0; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id = 0; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset = 0; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Year = 2019; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Month = 5; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Day = 8; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Hour = 12; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Minute = 12; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Second = 14;
gp_sys_log->crc_val.magic = SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM;
/* 导入默认参数后进行保存 */ save_system_log_param();}
设备开机或者复位都会进行导入系统日志参数操作，恢复日志读写参数，参数区为频繁读写操作区域，每一次写操作都会进行一次偏移，有效的导入参数方法是从参数区结束地址到起始地址进行扫描，扫描不到合法的参数则会导入默认日志参数。/* 参数初始化，在终端启动时调用 */int load_system_log_param(void){ uint32_t i = 0; single_sav_t psav; uint32_t end_addr; uint32_t interal = sizeof(sys_log_param_t); int data_len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t) - sizeof(single_sav_t); uint8_t *pram = (uint8_t *)&SysLogParam; flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE);
end_addr =flash_tmp->end_address - (flash_tmp->end_address - flash_tmp->start_address) % interal; for (i = end_addr - interal; i > flash_tmp->start_address; i -= interal) { flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, i, (uint8_t *)&psav, sizeof(single_sav_t)); if ((psav.magic == SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM) && (psav.len ==data_len)) { flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, i + sizeof(single_sav_t), &pram[sizeof(single_sav_t)], data_len); if (psav.crc != CRC16(&pram[sizeof(single_sav_t)], data_len)) continue; gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = i; log_info("Load System Log Param Addr[0x%08x]!", gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr); return 0; } }
/* 扫描不到合法的参数，导入默认系统日志参数 */ load_system_log_default_param(); /* 获取日志写地址 */ gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; log_info("Load System Log Param Addr(Default)[0x%08x]!", gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr); return 1;}
读写系统日志目录接口，读写指定日志索引目录信息。实际实现会定义最新的目录信息存储在日志参数区，当日期发生改变，则表示当前目录信息已经完结，将最新的目录信息录入日志目录区保存，最多每天写入一次目录区。/* 读取日志目录区指定日志索引目录信息 */int system_catalog_read(system_catalog_t *catalog, uint32_t id){ uint32_t addr; int rlen = sizeof(system_catalog_t); uint8_t *pbuf = (uint8_t *)catalog; flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE);
if (0 == id) return -1; addr = flash_tmp->start_address + (rlen * (id - 1)); if (addr > flash_tmp->end_address) return -1;
return flash_read(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, addr, pbuf, rlen);}
/* 写日志目录区目录信息 */int system_catalog_write(system_catalog_t *catalog, uint32_t id){ uint32_t start_offset; uint32_t start_addr; uint32_t start_base; uint32_t remainbyte; int wlen = sizeof(system_catalog_t); uint8_t *pdata = (uint8_t *)catalog; flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE);
if (0 == id) return -1; start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address + wlen * (id - 1); if ((start_addr + wlen) > flash_tmp->end_address) { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; }
/* 本扇区剩余空间大小 */ remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); /* 写入数据长度小于本扇区剩余长度，直接写入 */ if (remainbyte > wlen) { remainbyte = wlen; } /* 写目录次数不会太频繁，视具体情况改写操作实现 */ while (1) { start_base = SECTOR_BASE(start_addr); start_offset = SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr); flash_read(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); flash_erase(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, FLASH_BLOCK_4K); memcpy((char *)§or_buf[start_offset], pdata, remainbyte); flash_write(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); if (remainbyte == wlen) { break; } else { pdata += remainbyte; start_addr += remainbyte; wlen -= remainbyte; remainbyte = (wlen > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : wlen; } }
return 0;}
打印系统日志目录区信息，可实现通过指令查询到目录区信息。
int system_catalog_all_print(void){ int i = 0; system_catalog_t catalog;
printf("System Log Command Information:\r
"); printf("Query Specifies Log : AT+CATALOG=\r
"); printf("Query All Log : AT+CATALOG=\r
\r
"); printf("Query All System Catalog:\r
"); printf("LOG_ID LOG_DATE LOG_ADDR LOG_OFFSET \r
"); for (i = 0; i system_log.catalog_num; i++) { /* 当前最新目录信息 */ if (i == (gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id - 1)) { catalog = gp_sys_log->system_catalog; /* 获取当前最新目录信息 */ } else { system_catalog_read(&catalog, i + 1); } printf("%d %04d-%02d-%02d 0x%08X %d \r
", catalog.log_id, catalog.log_time.Year, catalog.log_time.Month, catalog.log_time.Day, catalog.log_addr, catalog.log_offset); memset((char *)&catalog, 0, sizeof(system_catalog_t)); } return 0;}
读取指定日志目录索引信息接口，可指定日志索引或者读取全部日志数据。int system_log_task(int argc){ int rlen = 0; uint32_t offset, start_addr, end_addr; system_catalog_t catalog; flash_table_t *flash_tmp =get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE);
if (0 == gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_enable) return 1;
gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_enable = 0x00; if (gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id == ALL_LOG_PRINT) { /* log回环写标志,打印整个LOG存储区 */ if (0x01 == gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status) { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; end_addr = flash_tmp->end_address; offset = end_addr - start_addr; } else { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; end_addr = start_addr + gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos; offset = gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos; } } else { /* 读取指定ID日志 */ if (gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id == gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id) { catalog = gp_sys_log->system_catalog; } else { system_catalog_read(&catalog, gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id); } start_addr = catalog.log_addr; offset = catalog.log_offset; }
if (0 == offset) return 1;
while (1) { rlen = (offset > 512) ? 512 : offset; system_log_read(sector_buf, start_addr, rlen); HAL_Delay(80); /* 目录信息通过调式串口打印 */ bsp_debug_send(sector_buf, rlen); start_addr += rlen; offset -= rlen; if (0 == offset) break; } return 0;}
存储系统日志接口，实现更新存储日期，当写位置为扇区地址，则擦除一个扇区作为存储日志，这样避免每写一次就擦除一次。int system_log_write(uint8_t *wbuf, int wlen){ uint32_t start_addr; uint8_t *pdata = wbuf; uint32_t remainbyte; int system_catalog_max_id; flash_table_t *flash_tmp =get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE);
/* 计算目录区的最大存储目录项个数 */ system_catalog_max_id = ((flash_tmp->end_address - flash_tmp->start_address) / sizeof(system_catalog_t)); start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address + gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos; /* 存储数据地址大于规划内存地址范围处理 */ if ((start_addr + wlen) > flash_tmp->end_address) { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; /* 写位置偏移量重置 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos = 0; /* LOG回环存储标志置位 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status = 0x01; } /* 写位置偏移 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos += wlen;
if ((gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Year != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Year) || (gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Month != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Month) || (gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Day != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Day)) {
/* 日期改变，记录目录信息，当log_id为0，则不写入 */ system_catalog_write(&gp_sys_log->system_catalog, gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id); /* 记录存储日期 */ gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time = gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time;
if ((gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1) >= system_catalog_max_id) { gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = system_catalog_max_id; /* 目录循环写，目录数应为最大 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status = 1; /* 目录回环写标志 */ } else { if (0 == gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status) { /* 获取目录数 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1; } }
/* 存储最新目录项信息 */ gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id = (gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1) % system_catalog_max_id; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_addr = start_addr; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset = wlen; } else { gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset += wlen; }
/* 写位置为存储起始地址并且不为扇区首地址 */ if ((flash_tmp->start_address == start_addr) && (SECTOR_OFFSET(flash_tmp->start_address))){ flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); /* 将扇区头部至起始地址区间的数据回写 */ flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), §or_buf[0], SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)); } /* 写位置为扇区首地址，则擦除一个扇区的存储区 */ if (0 == SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); }
/* 本扇区剩余空间大小 */ remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); /* 写入数据长度小于本扇区剩余长度，直接写入 */ if (remainbyte > wlen) { remainbyte = wlen; } while (1) { flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, start_addr, pdata, remainbyte); if (remainbyte == wlen) { break; } else { pdata += remainbyte; start_addr += remainbyte; wlen -= remainbyte; remainbyte = (wlen > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : wlen; /* 扇区首地址则擦除整个扇区，该扇区数据不保存 */ if (0 == SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); } } }
/* 环形存储参数 */ save_system_log_param(); return 0;}
系统调试对接为了更好记录系统日志，将应用调试等级结合一块，实现记录错误调试信息以及需要保存的关键信息。定义的调试等级有：关闭调试等级、错误调试等级、警告调试等级、关键调试等级、debug调试等级，而LOG_RECORD_LEVEL将主动保存日志并输出信息，LOG_ERROR_LEVEL会存储对应的日志信息，但需要根据应用调试等级输出信息。设置与读取应用调试等级由读者自行定义。#define LOG_CLOSE_LEVEL 0x00 /* 关闭调试信息 */#define LOG_ERROR_LEVEL 0x01 /* 错误调试信息 */#define LOG_WARN_LEVEL 0x02 /* 警告调试信息 */#define LOG_INFO_LEVEL 0x03 /* 关键调试信息 */#define LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL 0x04 /* debug调试信息 */#define LOG_RECORD_LEVEL 0x10 /* 保存日志并输出信息 */ #define LOG_PRINT_LEVEL 0xff
#define SET_LOG_LEVEL(LEVEL) (gp_sys_param->system_print_level = LEVEL)#define GET_LOG_LEVEL() (gp_sys_param->system_print_level)
#define log_debug(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_info(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_INFO_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_warn(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_WARN_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_error(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_ERROR_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_record(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_RECORD_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define printf(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_PRINT_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)
typedef struct { int level; char *fmt_str;}system_print_fmt_t;
system_print_fmt_t system_print_fmt_list[] = { { .level = LOG_ERROR_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"}, { .level = LOG_WARN_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"}, { .level = LOG_INFO_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"}, { .level = LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"}, { .level = LOG_RECORD_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"},};
int log_format(uint8_t level, const char *fmt, ...){ #define TIME_PREFIX_SIZE (21) #define PRINT_MAX_SIZE (1024 + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE)
va_list args; int num = 0, i = 0, fmt_index = 0; int fmt_str_len = 0, ret = -1; int file_str_len = 0, line_str_len = 0; char line_buf[20] = {0}; static char buf[PRINT_MAX_SIZE]; static QueueHandle_t sem = NULL; time_t time = {0};
/* 针对os系统 */ if (NULL == sem) { sem = xSemaphoreCreateCounting(1, 1); /* always think of success */ }
xSemaphoreTake(sem, portMAX_DELAY);
ret = -1; fmt_str_len = 0; if (level != LOG_PRINT_LEVEL) { if ((GET_LOG_LEVEL() goto exit_end;
for (i = 0; i if (level == system_print_fmt_list.level) { fmt_index = i; break; } } if (i > SYSTEM_PRINT_FMT_LIST_MAX) { goto exit_end; }
fmt_str_len = strlen(system_print_fmt_list[fmt_index].fmt_str); strncpy((char *)&buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], system_print_fmt_list[fmt_index].fmt_str, fmt_str_len); }
va_start(args, fmt); num = vsnprintf((char *)&buf[fmt_str_len + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], PRINT_MAX_SIZE - fmt_str_len - TIME_PREFIX_SIZE - 2, fmt, args); va_end(args);
if (num 0) { goto exit_end; }
if (level != LOG_PRINT_LEVEL) { num += fmt_str_len; buf[num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE] = '\r'; buf[num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE + 1] = '
'; num += 2; }
if ((GET_LOG_LEVEL() //do nothing } else { ret = bsp_debug_send((uint8_t*)&buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], num); }
if ((LOG_ERROR_LEVEL == level) || (LOG_RECORD_LEVEL == level)) { bsp_rtc_get_time(&time); sprintf(&buf[0], "[%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d", time.Year, time.Month, time.Day,time.Hour, time.Minute, time.Second); buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE - 1] = ']'; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time = time; system_log_write((uint8_t *)buf, num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE); }
exit_end: xSemaphoreGive(sem); return ret;}
结语本文提供的一种简易嵌入式设备系统日志记录方法，代码量不多，实现简单，针对不同的设备需要合理规划内存使用。
根据软件运行状态，合适加入调试信息并保存对应的日志信息，方便开发人员了解系统或软件运行状况，协助开发分析数据资源从而更好完善系统，提高定位以及解决问题的效果。来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/LiaRonBob/article/details/102766871声明：本文素材来源网络，版权归原作者所有。如涉及作品版权问题，请与我联系删除。
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