【高级绘图】绘图风格(1)绘制好看的笛卡尔坐标系

硬件电子工程师 · 发表于 2021-10-27 00:00:00

点击上方蓝字和“好玩的matlab”一起快乐的玩耍吧

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好玩的matlab
带你学会不一样的matlab新玩法

今天教大家不一样的matlab绘图风格！希望大家喜欢！

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PS：源码可以自己copy公众号源码，或者点击"阅读原文" 下载源码。

绘图效果1demo1

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demo2

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demo3

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画图demo源码7 l( o5 P8 N- l) Q& Q# t+ ?
2
demo1

clear;figure('color', [1, 1, 1]);x = linspace(-3, 4, 100);y = x.^2;plot(x, y, 'Color', [0,1,1], 'LineWidth', 1.5);% 调用 DrawAxisWithArrow 即可在当前坐标轴绘制带箭头坐标轴param = struct('XLabel', '$x$', 'YLabel', '$y$', 'OLabel', '$O$');DrawAxisWithArrow(gca, param);%% 保存图像if true img_name = SaveFig2Img(gcf, 'figures\demo01.png'); fprintf('图像保存为: %s
', img_name);enddemo2

clearback_color = [1, 1, 1];h_f = figure('Color', back_color);%% 绘制 sinsin_axis = subplot(211);x = linspace(-3*pi, 3*pi, 200);y = sin(x);plot(sin_axis, x, y, 'g-');xlim([-3*pi, 3*pi]);ylim([-1.2, 1.2]);% 绘制坐标轴param = struct('XLabel', '$x$', 'YLabel', '$\sin x$', 'OLabel', '$O$');DrawAxisWithArrow(sin_axis, param);%% 绘制 coscos_axis = subplot(212);y2 = cos(x);plot(cos_axis, x, y2, 'y-');xlim([-3*pi, 3*pi]);ylim([-1.2, 1.2]);param = struct('XLabel', '$x$', 'YLabel', '$\cos x$', 'OLabel', '$O$');DrawAxisWithArrow(cos_axis, param);
%% 保存为图像if true img_name = SaveFig2Img(h_f, 'figures\demo02.png'); fprintf('图像保存为: %s
', img_name);end
demo3

clear%% 创建 figure, 并设置背景颜色back_color = [1, 1, 1];h_f = figure('Color', back_color);
%% 创建 axesh_a = axes('Parent', h_f);set(h_a, 'NextPlot', 'add'); % 相当于 hold on
%% 创建 plot% 绘制正弦积分函数fun = @(x)(sinc(x/pi));x = linspace(-1, 4, 400);y = zeros(1, length(x));
wc = pi; % 截止频率td = 1; % 时延for i = 1:length(x) tmp = (x(i) - td)*wc; y(i) = integral(fun, 0, tmp)/pi + 0.5;endplot(x, y, 'LineStyle', '-', 'Color', [0, 1, 1], 'LineWidth', 1.5);
wc = 2*pi; % 增加截止频率td = 1; % 时延for i = 1:length(x) tmp = (x(i) - td)*wc; y(i) = integral(fun, 0, tmp)/pi + 0.5;endplot(x, y, 'LineStyle', '-', 'Color', [0.39, 0.83, 0.07], 'LineWidth', 1.5);
% 其他标线lcolor = [0.39, 0.83, 0.07];plot([td, td], [0, 0.5], 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1.5)plot([0, td], [0.5, 0.5], 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1.5)plot([0, td+pi/wc], [1,1]*max(y), 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1)plot([1,1]*(td+pi/wc), [0, max(y)], 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1)plot([0, td-pi/wc], [1,1]*min(y), 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1)plot([1,1]*(td-pi/wc), [0, min(y)], 'LineStyle', '--', 'Color', lcolor, 'LineWidth', 1)plot([0,4], [1,1], 'LineStyle', '-.', 'Color', [1, 0, 1], 'LineWidth', 1);
% 设置坐标轴的范围xlim([-1, 4]);ylim([-0.3, 1.5]);
%% 绘制 arrowparam = struct('XLabel', '$t$', 'YLabel', '$s(t)$', 'OLabel', '$O$');DrawAxisWithArrow(h_a, param);%% 添加一些标注% 在axes上的(0,1)左侧添加标注fp = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_a, [0,1]); % 将axes的坐标转化为figure上的坐标，下同param = struct('Color', [0.8, 0.52, 0.98], 'FontSize', 14);FigPointLabel(fp, '1.0', 'west', param);% 在axes上的(0,0.5)左侧添加标注fp = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_a, [0,0.5]);param = struct('Color', [0.8, 0.52, 0.98], 'FontSize', 14);FigPointLabel(fp, '0.5', 'west', param);% 在axes上的(td,0)下方添加标注fp = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_a, [td,0]);param = struct('Color', [0.8, 0.52, 0.98], 'FontSize', 14);FigPointLabel(fp, '$t_d$', 'south', param);% 在axes上的(td+pi/wc,0)下方添加标注fp = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_a, [td+pi/wc,0]);param = struct('Color', [0.8, 0.52, 0.98], 'FontSize', 12);FigPointLabel(fp, '$t_d+\frac{\pi}{w_c}$', 'south', param);% 在axes上的(td-pi/wc,0)下方添加标注fp = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_a, [td-pi/wc, min(y)]);param = struct('Color', [0.8, 0.52, 0.98], 'FontSize', 12);FigPointLabel(fp, '$t_d-\frac{\pi}{w_c}$', 'south', param);%% 保存图像if true img_name = SaveFig2Img(h_f, 'figures\demo03.png'); fprintf('图像保存为: %s
', img_name);end
画图所需要的自定义函数
2 b- L. \- f4 k2 m6 j/ S3

function [fp] = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_axi, ap)%CoorFromAxis2Fig - 将点在 axis 的坐标转换为该点在 figure 上的坐标%% Syntax: [fp] = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_axi, ap)% % Input: h_axi 坐标轴句柄% ap 点在h_axi上的坐标%% Output:% fp 该点在figure上的坐标
x_range = get(h_axi, 'XLim'); % axis的x轴范围y_range = get(h_axi, 'YLim'); % axis的y轴范围rec = get(h_axi, 'Position'); % axis在fig的坐标(x,y,w,h)fp(1) = (ap(1)-x_range(1))*rec(3) / (x_range(2)-x_range(1)) + rec(1);fp(2) = (ap(2)-y_range(1))*rec(4) / (y_range(2)-y_range(1)) + rec(2);
end

function [xarrow, yarrow] = DrawAxisWithArrow(h_axi, varargin)%DrawAxisWithArrow - 绘制带箭头的坐标轴%% Syntax: [xarrow, yarrow] = DrawAxisWithArrow(h_axi[, param])%% Input: h_axi 坐标轴句柄% param 可选参数，要求输入参数为一个结构体，成员如下：% Color 坐标轴的颜色% HeadWidth 箭头大小% XLabel x轴的标签(在箭头上方)% YLabel y轴的标签(在箭头右方)% Olabel 原点的标签(两坐标轴交点的左下角)% 若结构体未包含某项成员，则使用默认值 %% Output: xarrow x坐标轴对象% yarrow y坐标轴对象 %% 输入参数处理n = length(varargin);if n == 0 arrow_color = [0, 0, 0]; % arrow 的默认颜色 head_width = 6; % 箭头的默认大小 xlabel_str = ''; % x 轴的标签 ylabel_str = ''; % y 轴的标签 olabel_str = ''; % x 轴与y轴交点的标签elseif n == 1 % 坐标轴颜色 if isfield(varargin{1}, 'Color') arrow_color = varargin{1}.Color; else arrow_color = [0, 0, 0]; end % 箭头大小 if isfield(varargin{1}, 'HeadWidth') head_width = varargin{1}.HeadWidth; else head_width = 6; end % x轴标签 if isfield(varargin{1}, 'XLabel') xlabel_str = varargin{1}.XLabel; else xlabel_str = ''; end % y轴标签 if isfield(varargin{1}, 'YLabel') ylabel_str = varargin{1}.YLabel; else ylabel_str = ''; end % 原点标签 if isfield(varargin{1}, 'OLabel') olabel_str = varargin{1}.OLabel; else olabel_str = ''; endelse error('DrawAxisWithArrow: 输入参数太多');end
%% 获得坐标原点的位置，% 若坐标轴的范围不包含坐标原点，则选择最靠近原点的一角作为坐标轴的交点，% 坐标轴的箭头指向正向x_range = get(h_axi, 'XLim');y_range = get(h_axi, 'YLim');op = [0, 0]; % 默认交点为坐标原点if x_range(1) > 0 op(1) = x_range(1);elseif x_range(2) op(1) = x_range(2);else op(1) = 0;endif y_range(1) > 0 op(2) = y_range(1);elseif y_range(2) op(2) = y_range(2);else op(2) = 0;endop = CoorFromAxis2Fig(h_axi, op); % 转换为在fig上的坐标
% 获得axis的坐标axis_rec = get(h_axi, 'Position'); % axis在fig的坐标(x,y,w,h)% 获得fig句柄h_fig = get(h_axi, 'Parent');% 绘制 x 坐标轴xarrow_x = [axis_rec(1)-0.05*axis_rec(3), axis_rec(1)+1.05*axis_rec(3)];xarrow_y = [op(2), op(2)];xarrow = annotation(h_fig, 'arrow', xarrow_x, xarrow_y);set(xarrow, 'HeadStyle', 'plain', 'HeadWidth', head_width, 'Color', arrow_color);% 绘制 y 坐标轴yarrow_x = [op(1), op(1)];yarrow_y = [axis_rec(2)-0.05*axis_rec(4), axis_rec(2)+1.05*axis_rec(4)];yarrow = annotation(h_fig, 'arrow', yarrow_x, yarrow_y);set(yarrow, 'HeadStyle', 'plain', 'HeadWidth', head_width, 'Color', arrow_color);% 关闭默认的坐标轴set(h_axi, 'Visible', 'off');
%% 是否显示坐标标签if xlabel_str XArrowLabel(xarrow, xlabel_str);endif ylabel_str YArrowLabel(yarrow, ylabel_str);endif olabel_str OriginLabel(op, olabel_str);end
end
function YArrowLabel(arrow, str)% 给 y 坐标轴添加标签p = [0, 0];arrow_x = get(arrow, 'X');arrow_y = get(arrow, 'Y');p(1) = arrow_x(2);p(2) = arrow_y(2);
param.Color = [0, 0, 0];param.FontSize = 14;
FigPointLabel(p, str, 'east', param);end
function XArrowLabel(arrow, str)% 给 x 坐标轴添加标签p = [0, 0];arrow_x = get(arrow, 'X');arrow_y = get(arrow, 'Y');p(1) = arrow_x(2);p(2) = arrow_y(2);
param.Color = [0, 0, 0];param.FontSize = 14;
FigPointLabel(p, str, 'north', param);end
function OriginLabel(p, str)% 给 x 坐标轴添加标签param.Color = [0, 0, 0];param.FontSize = 14;
FigPointLabel(p, str, 'southwest', param);end

function [img_name] = SaveFig2Img(h_f, varargin)%SaveFig2Img - 将fig保存为图片% % Syntax: img_name = SaveFig2Img(h_f[, img_name])% % Input: h_f 待保存figure的句柄% img_name 保存图像路径%% Output: img_name 保存图像路径
%% 输入参数处理n = length(varargin);if n == 0 [file,path] = uiputfile('.\*.png'); img_name = fullfile(path,file);elseif n == 1 img_name = varargin{1};else error('SaveFig2Img: 输入参数太多');end%% 保存为图片frame = getframe(h_f);img = frame2im(frame);imwrite(img, img_name);endEND
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